King. [14] In 1980, Dukakis published his book State and Cities: The Massachusetts Experience.[14]. [68], The Dukakises continue to reside in the home that they bought in the early 1970s in Brookline, Massachusetts, where they both grew up, but live in Los Angeles during the winter while he teaches at UCLA. He lost most of the South by a wide margin, with Bush's popular vote margins exceeding 15% in most states. Michael Dukakis, winning the Democratic nomination in the 1988 presidential election. [16] Dukakis is also remembered for his 1977 exoneration of Sacco and Vanzetti, two Italian anarchists whose trial sparked protests around the world. governor, dies at 99", "Dukakis' Military Service Uneventful, Say What Few Records Exist After Fire", "Queen Elizabeth II rides with Gov. Dukakis's support for a prison furlough program was a major election subject. He has also been an advocate for effective public transportation and high-speed rail as a solution to automobile congestion and the lack of space at airports; and for extended learning time initiative in public schools. Dukakis is the longest serving governor in the history of the state. Composer John Williamswrote "Fanfare f… Since leaving office, Dukakis has served on the board of directors for Amtrak and has taught political science at Northeastern University and UCLA. Dukakis's mother Euterpe (née Boukis; 1903–2003) was born in Larissa, to Aromanian (Vlach) parents from Vrysochori. [19][20], In 1988, Dukakis and Rosabeth Moss Kanter, his economic adviser in the 1988 presidential elections, wrote a book entitled Creating the Future: the Massachusetts Comeback and Its Promise for America, an examination of the Massachusetts Miracle. [59] He and his wife also endorsed Ed Markey for reelection to his Massachusetts U.S. senate seat in 2020 during the primary and general elections of that race. [2] Panos Dukakis settled in Lowell, Massachusetts, in 1912, and graduated from Harvard Medical School twelve years later, subsequently working as an obstetrician. Dukakis won in part by promising to be a "reformer" and pledging a "lead pipe guarantee" of no new taxes to balance the state budget. Dukakis became a household name in 1988 by way of her Academy Award and her cousin, former Massachusetts Gov. [38] In 2008, when asked about the photograph, Dukakis said “Should I have been in the tank? [23], Dukakis had trouble with the personality that he projected to the voting public. After the end of his term, he served on the board of directors for Amtrak, and became a professor of political science at Northeastern University, a visiting professor of political science at Loyola Marymount University, and visiting professor in the Department of Public Policy at the Luskin School of Public Affairs at UCLA. On passage of the legislation, then-governor Michael Dukakis announced: “I am very proud of the fact that Massachusetts will be the first state in the country to enact universal health insurance for all its citizens” (3). In November 2008, Northeastern named its Center for Urban and Regional Policy after Michael Dukakis and his wife Kitty. The New York Times editorialized that “Massachusetts last week ventured where no … A "joking" reference to the matter by President Reagan triggered full-blown press disclosure of the rumor. King also had support from state police and public employee unions. [24] Nevertheless, Dukakis is considered to have done well in the first presidential debate with George Bush, with The New York Times reporting, "Democratic and Republican analysts generally agreed that Mr. Dukakis had turned in the better performance in the first of two Presidential debates, frequently managing to put Mr. Bush on the defensive. Dukakis won the Democratic nomination, with 2,877 out of 4,105 delegates. Touching on his immigrant roots, Dukakis used Neil Diamond's ode to immigrants, "America", as the theme song for his campaign. In addition to its own police force, the MDC had its own maritime patrol force, and an enormous budget from the state, for which it provided minimal accounting. His proportion of the popular vote would not be matched by any subsequent Democratic presidential candidate in South Dakota (46.51%),[41] Kansas (42.56%),[42] Oklahoma (41.28%),[43] Wyoming (38.01%),[44] or Idaho (36.01%). He was known for riding the subway to work every day as governor. The full quote was "It's possible, but I doubt it. He did not seek reelection to a fourth term. She was 89. [8] He graduated from Swarthmore College in 1955 with a B.A. She’s Michael Dukakis’ cousin. During his first term as governor, he had vetoed a bill that would have stopped furloughs for first-degree murderers. Despite Dukakis's loss, his performance was a marked improvement over the previous two Democratic efforts, both in the popular vote and the Electoral College. The legislature canceled the program during Dukakis's last term. Dukakis is the cousin of Academy Award–winning actress Olympia Dukakis. He then received his J.D. He chose Senator Lloyd Bentsen of Texas to be his vice presidential running mate. Michael Dukakis would lose the general election to President George H.W. He went on to state that he would not object to the naming of the as-yet unbuilt North-South Rail Link after him. Michael S. Dukakis, seeking to quash rumors about his mental health, eased his reluctance to discuss his medical history today and ordered his … FOREIGN POLICY “The way to stop the arms race is to stop building and testing nuclear weapons.” - Michael Dukakis Boston Globe 10/26/87. Residents of the city of Boston and its surrounding areas remember him for the improvements he made to Boston's mass transit system, especially major renovations to the city's trains and buses. Dukakis made some strong showings in states that had voted for Republicans Ronald Reagan and Gerald Ford. [47], In 2008, he stated during an interview with Katie Couric that he "owe[d] the American people an apology" because "if I had beaten the old man [i.e. [55][56], Dukakis stated on January 31, 2014, that he was not in favor of an effort to rename South Station as the "Gov. After losing his bid for lieutenant governor, Dukakis returned to the private sector, practicing law and becoming a partner at Hill and Barlow.[14]. He gained some notice as the only politician in the state government who went to work during the Blizzard of 1978, during which he went to local TV studios in a sweater to announce emergency bulletins. In 1991, shortly before his death from a brain tumor, Atwater apologized to Dukakis for the "naked cruelty" of the 1988 campaign.[31][32]. He and former U.S. He also pledged to dismantle the powerful Metropolitan District Commission (MDC), a bureaucratic enclave that served as home to hundreds of political patronage employees. 1963 to 1971. Dukakis was pro-choice on the issue of abortion. Composer John Williams wrote "Fanfare for Michael Dukakis" in 1988 at the request of Dukakis's father-in-law, Harry Ellis Dickson. Bush and Dan Quayle, carrying only 10 states and the District of Columbia. [12], Dukakis served four terms in the Massachusetts House of Representatives between 1962 and 1970. Like the allegations of psychiatric problems, these were vulnerabilities which Atwater identified and exploited. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Margaret Thatcher, had been photographed in a similar situation in 1986, riding in a Challenger tank while wearing a scarf. George H. W. Bush], we never would have heard of the kid [i.e. [52][53] Instead, Gov. David Greene talks to Kitty Dukakis and her husband, former Mass. Future United States Senator, 2004 Democratic presidential nominee, and US Secretary of State John Kerry was elected lieutenant governor on the same ballot with Dukakis, and served in the Dukakis administration from 1983 to 1985. Dukakis was elected governor in 1974, defeating the incumbent Republican Francis Sargent during a period of fiscal crisis. [26], During the campaign, Dukakis's mental health became an issue when he refused to release his full medical history and there were, according to The New York Times, "persistent suggestions" that he had undergone psychiatric treatment in the past. However, the Democratic ticket lost the 1970 gubernatorial election. Microsoft Corp. is making a massive bet on health-care artificial intelligence. [5], Dukakis attended Brookline High School in his hometown,[6] where he was an honor student and a member of the basketball, baseball, tennis, and cross-country teams. [49] Along with a number of other notable Greek-Americans, he is a founding member of The Next Generation Initiative: a leadership program aimed at getting students involved in public affairs. He was nominated by the Democratic Party for president in the 1988 election, losing to the Republican nominee, Vice President George H. W. Bush. [21][22], Using the phenomenon termed the "Massachusetts Miracle" to promote his campaign, Dukakis sought the Democratic Party nomination for President of the United States in the 1988 United States presidential election, prevailing over a primary field that included Jesse Jackson, Dick Gephardt, Paul Simon, Gary Hart, Joe Biden and Al Gore, among others. Patrick named Paul G. Kirk, the other leading candidate and favorite of the Kennedy family who promised not to run in the special election, to fill the seat. As a democrat, Michael ran in the 1988 Presidential run losing to President George H. W. Bush. [40] He swept Iowa, winning by 10 points in a state that had voted Republican in the last five presidential elections. Supporters of extremist candidate LaRouche circulated leaflets with unsubstantiated claims about Dukakis's mental health at the Democratic National Convention, where Dukakis won the presidential nomination. Overall he served as governor of Massachusetts from 1975 to 1979, and again from 1983 to 1991. Governor Michael Dukakis speaks at a campaign event at the State House in Boston, in October, 1987 Credit: Getty. Probably not, in retrospect. Though Bush still won a majority of the popular vote, Dukakis's margin of loss (7.8%) nationally was narrower than Jimmy Carter's in 1980 (9.7%) or Walter Mondale's in 1984 (18.2%), and earned 41.8 million votes nationally. [13], In 1966, Dukakis unsuccessfully ran for Attorney General of Massachusetts.[14]. During this time, his 17-point lead in opinion polls completely disappeared, as his lack of visibility allowed Bush to define the issues of the campaign. Born in Brookline, Massachusetts to Greek and Aromanian Greek immigrants, Dukakis attended Swarthmore College before enlisting in the United States Army. Dukakis was criticized during the campaign for a perceived softness on defense issues, particularly the controversial "Star Wars" program, which he promised to weaken. Now 87, Michael Dukakis is retired from politics. The rumors about Dukakis’ mental health first circulated during his bitter primary campaign against Gov. The Bush campaign refused to repudiate the ad. Michael Dukakis, her cousin, was the Democratic Party’s presidential nominee. Governor Michael Dukakis speaks at a campaign event at the State House in Boston, in October, 1987 Credit: Getty. The sin of omission that I, the press, and the Democratic campaign all committed had consequences that had nothing to do with the election of George H.W. [7] As a 17-year-old senior in high school, he ran the Boston Marathon. After basic training at Fort Dix and advanced individual training at Camp Gordon, he was assigned as radio operator to the 8020th Administrative Unit in Munsan, South Korea. "[25] In the second debate, his performance was poor and played to his reputation as being cold. His first term performance proved to be insufficient to offset a backlash against the state's high sales and property tax rates, which turned out to be the predominant issue in the 1978 gubernatorial campaign. On September 13, 1988 Dukakis visited the General Dynamics Land Systems plant in Sterling Heights, Michigan, to take part in a photo op in an M1 Abrams tank. In 1970, Dukakis was the Democratic nominee for lieutenant governor[13] on a ticket led by Boston mayor Kevin White. Olympia Dukakis, Hollywood’s favorite late bloomer who won an Oscar for Best Supporting Actress in “Moonstruck” — has died at the age of 89. The president quickly apologized for his crude remark ("I'm not going to pick on an invalid"), and the incident faded with no evidence at all emerging to confirm the baseless gossip. [citation needed] Many believed he should have been campaigning across the country. Michael Dukakis is hoping that Sen. Elizabeth Warren continues the long line of Democratic presidential nominees from Massachusetts. He won the 1974 Massachusetts gubernatorial election but lost his 1978 bid for re-nomination to Edward J. Dukakis suffered a scathing defeat in the primary, a disappointment that his wife Kitty called "a public death". The following week, a poll found that 25 percent of respondents said they were less likely to support him because of the tank ride. "Race for the White House: Bush vs. Dukakis" airs Sun. Olivia is the cousin of politician, Michael Dukakis, 87. Olympia Dukakis, who won an Oscar for her supporting role in 1987's 'Moonstruck,' has died at the age of 89. Michael Dukakis ended up losing the election to George HW Bush, but both she and her cousin remained active in politics. [3][4] She and her family emigrated to Haverhill, Massachusetts, in 1913. Michael S. DukakisDistinguished Professor of Political Science, Northeastern UniversityGovernor of Massachusetts (1975-1979, 1983-1991)1988 Democratic Nominee for President of the United States Michael Stanley Dukakis was born in Brookline, Massachusetts on November 3, 1933. [36] The image of Dukakis – along with his decision to wear a protective helmet – were ridiculed by Bush and the media. in political science. [58] He later endorsed Democratic nominee, Joe Biden during the general election. DUKAKIS OUTLINES HEALTH PLAN After talking with cancer patients and their families about the high cost of illness, Michael Dukakis gave a broad outline Tuesday of his national health … degree from Harvard Law School in 1960. Bush or defeat of Michael Dukakis. Michael Dukakis` proposals for providing health care to the elderly and uninsured are generally designed to appeal to the working middle-class, health-care policy experts said Thursday. Michael S. Dukakis is Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Political Science at Northeastern University, and a visiting professor at the Luskin School of Public Affairs at UCLA. As Michael Dukakis leads in the '88 polls, rumors arise about his mental health. His second-lowest Southern margin was Texas, where four overwhelmingly Mexican-American counties of South Texas delivered more than 81% of the vote to Dukakis, and were among his top five counties or county-equivalents nationally. [51], In August 2009, the 75-year-old Dukakis was mentioned as one of two leading candidates as a possible interim successor to Ted Kennedy in the U.S. Senate, after Kennedy's death. During the second presidential debate on October 13, 1988, in Los Angeles, Dukakis revealed that he and his wife had had another child, who died about 20 minutes after birth. After graduating from Harvard Law School, he won election to the Massachusetts House of Representatives, serving from They have three children: John, Andrea, and Kara. Building on his popularity as governor, Dukakis sought the Democratic presidential nomination for the 1988 presidential election. [33] During his second term, that program resulted in the release of convicted murderer Willie Horton, who committed a rape and assault in Maryland after being furloughed. In 2012, Dukakis backed the successful Senate campaign of Elizabeth Warren. March 20 at 9p ET. During the campaign, Vice President George H. W. Bush, the Republican nominee, criticized Dukakis for his traditionally liberal positions on many issues, calling him a "card-carrying member of the ACLU". During his first term in office, Dukakis commuted the sentences of 21 first-degree murderers and 23 second-degree murderers. After the election, Dukakis announced that he would not seek another term as governor, and he left office in 1991. MAPLEWOOD, N.J. -- Olympia Dukakis, the veteran stage and screen actress whose flair for maternal roles helped her win an Oscar as Cher’s mother in the romantic comedy “Moonstruck,” has died. Edward King in 1982, which he won. The piece was premiered under the baton of Dickson (then the Associate Conductor of the Boston Pops) at that year's Democratic National Convention. George W. Bush], and we wouldn't be in this mess."[48]. She had been in ill health for some time. Dukakis, despite being the incumbent Democratic governor, was refused renomination by his own party. He is the longest-serving governor in Massachusetts history and only the second Greek-American governor in U.S. history, after Spiro Agnew. Michael Dukakis through the North End during her visit to Boston, July 11, 1976", "An Enigma: For Dukakis, Key Is Voter Perception", "Boston in transit war against uneasy riding", "Will there be a new Duke at South Station? [28] In the 2008 film Boogie Man: The Lee Atwater Story, journalist Robert Novak revealed that Republican strategist Lee Atwater had personally tried to get him to spread these mental health rumors. Governor Dukakis hosted President Gerald Ford[citation needed] and Britain's Queen Elizabeth II[15] during their visits to Boston in 1976 to commemorate the bicentennial of the United States. Dukakis chose Senator Lloyd Bentsen of Texas as his running mate, while the Republicans nominated a ticket consisting of George H. W. Bush and Senator Dan Quayle. His reserved and stoic nature was easily interpreted to be a lack of passion; Dukakis was often referred to as "Zorba the Clerk". Using the phenomenon termed the "Massachusetts Miracle" to promote his campaign, Dukakis sought the Democratic Party nomination for President of the United States in the 1988 United States presidential election, prevailing over a primary field that included Jesse Jackson, Dick Gephardt, Paul Simon, Gary Hart, Joe Biden and Al Gore, among others. He defeated King in the 1982 gubernatorial primary and served as governor from 1983 to 1991, presiding over a period of economic growth known as the "Massachusetts Miracle". It was followed by a separate Bush campaign ad, "Revolving Door", criticizing Dukakis over the furlough program without mentioning Horton. April 22, 2015 / in Public Policy Health Care, Politics Michael Dukakis All Faculty Faculty / by webteam Michael Stanley Dukakis was born in Brookline, Massachusetts on November 3, 1933. Michael S. Dukakis Transportation Center". Within weeks the allegations found their way into print, assisted by Dukakis's refusal to release his full medical records as well as rampant speculation on the subject in a few media outlets (especially the Washington Times). But these days when people ask me, ‘Did you get here in a tank?’ I always respond by saying, ‘No, and I’ve never thrown up all over the Japanese prime minister’. He and former U.S. [69], Member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives (1962–1970), 1974 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, 1982 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, 1986 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, 1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Michael Dukakis 1988 presidential campaign, thrown up all over the Japanese prime minister, 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Massachusetts gubernatorial election, 1974, Massachusetts gubernatorial election, 1982, Massachusetts gubernatorial election, 1986, Michael Dukakis presidential campaign, 1988, "While Seeking Higher Rank, Dukakis Keeps Military Brass At Parade Rest – tribunedigital-chicagotribune", https://www.geni.com/people/Panos-Dukakis/6000000024679216653, "Campaign Trail; Tapping Another Ethnic Group", "Euterpe Dukakis, mother of former Mass. A week later the reporter, Gene Grabowski, revealed that Times editors had taken the full quote out of context. Dukakis was born in Brookline, Massachusetts. The MDC managed state parks, reservoirs, and waterways, as well as the highways and roads abutting those waterways. Four years later, having made peace with the state Democratic Party, MDC, the state police and public employee unions, Dukakis defeated King in a re-match in the 1982 Democratic primary. She referred to her 1988 win as “the year of the Dukakii” because it was also the year Massachusetts Gov. Michael S. Dukakis's supposed visits to a psychiatrist became an especially sordid chapter of the 1988 presidential campaign. Michael S. Dukakis is Distinguished Professor of Political Science at Northeastern University, and a visiting professor at the Luskin School of Public Affairs at UCLA. He went on to defeat his Republican opponent, John Winthrop Sears, in the November election. [45], Although Dukakis cut into the Republican hold in the Midwest, he failed to dent the emerging GOP stronghold in the South that had been forming since the end of World War II with a temporary reprieve with Jimmy Carter (along with future President and Southern Democrat Bill Clinton, albeit to a much lesser extent). [34] George H. W. Bush mentioned Horton by name in a speech in June 1988, and a conservative political action committee (PAC) affiliated with the Bush campaign, the National Security Political Action Committee, aired an ad entitled "Weekend Passes", which used a mug shot image of Horton. Passage in the House, which scuttled Dukakis' health care bill in the 1987 session, is the key hurdle for the measure. Olympia Dukakis, the veteran stage and screen actress whose flair for maternal roles helped her win an Oscar as Cher’s mother in the romantic comedy “Moonstruck,” has died. King also enjoyed the support of the power brokers at the MDC, who were unhappy with Dukakis's attempts to dismantle their powerful bureaucracy. Overall he served as governor … Even states that had historically been sympathetic to funding mental health care followed the pattern. ", "Michael Dukakis bashes Trump, says voters must 'get this guy out of the White House before he destroys us, "Michael And Kitty Dukakis Endorse Markey For Senate", "MA Governor – D Primary Race – Sep 19, 1978", "MA Governor – D Primary Race – Sep 14, 1982", "US President – D Primaries Race – Feb 01, 1988", "US President – D Convention Race – Jul 18, 1988", "George Bush: Appointment of Katharine D. Dukakis as a Member of the United States Holocaust Memorial Council", Faculty Page at the Northeastern University Department of Political Science, Michael S. Dukakis Presidential Campaign records, 1962–1989 (bulk 1987–1988), Joseph D. Warren papers, 1972–2003 (bulk 1980–1990), Dukakis mentioned on MSNBC's Morning Joe: The Scoop on 'Boogie Man', Unsuccessful major party candidates for President of the United States, United States Senate Democratic Conference Secretary, Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee, Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Dukakis&oldid=1021011412, Candidates in the 1988 United States presidential election, Democratic Party (United States) presidential nominees, Democratic Party state governors of the United States, Members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives, Politicians from Brookline, Massachusetts, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2016, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 2 May 2021, at 11:47. ... Dukakis argued that a public health … “After many months of failing health she is finally at peace and with her Louis,” brother Apollo Dukakis wrote in Facebook post. [46] He carried most of the southern-central parishes of Louisiana,[47] which was also his best Southern popular vote margin. Dukakis lost the election, carrying only ten states and Washington, D.C., but he improved on the Democratic performances in the previous two elections. He prevailed in the Democratic primaries and was formally nominated at the 1988 Democratic National Convention. In response to this, Dukakis orchestrated what would become the key image of his campaign, although it turned out quite differently from what he intended. [54], In 2012 he worked to support the successful candidacy of fellow Democrat Elizabeth Warren to the U.S. Senate. Dukakis's efforts to dismantle the MDC failed in the legislature, where the MDC had many powerful supporters. Michael Stanley Dukakis (/dʊˈkɑːkɪs/; born November 3, 1933) is a retired American politician and lawyer who served as the 65th governor of Massachusetts, from 1975 to 1979 and again from 1983 to 1991. He was mentioned as a potential appointee to the Senate in 2009 to fill the vacancy caused by Ted Kennedy's death, but Governor Deval Patrick chose Paul G. Kirk. Early in the 1988 campaign, Dukakis released a standard letter from his doctor certifying his good health. Opposed invasion of Grenada New York counties resisted opening centers because of the funding formula the state had instituted. Although Dukakis had been accepted into Harvard Law School, he chose to enlist in the United States Army. [37], The phrase "Dukakis in the tank" remains a shorthand for backfired public relations outings. [17], Following his first governorship, Dukakis taught at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government. [27] The issue gained further traction after a White House press conference, during which President Ronald Reagan flippantly referred to Dukakis as an "invalid". The state's Democratic Party chose to support Director of the Massachusetts Port Authority Edward J. [18] The National Governors Association voted Dukakis the most effective governor in 1986. Dukakis served as governor during which time he presided over a high-tech boom and a period of prosperity in Massachusetts while simultaneously earning a reputation as a 'technocrat'. [35] Compared with Dukakis's results, Thatcher's picture was very successful and helped her reelection prospects. He managed to pull off a close win in New York which at the time was the second largest state in terms of electoral votes, he also scored victories in Rhode Island, Hawaii, his home state of Massachusetts, Oregon, and Washington; Walter Mondale had lost all six states, and since then, all six states have remained in the Democratic column for each subsequent presidential election. [37] Footage of Dukakis in the tank was used in television ads by the Bush campaign. by Michael Dukakis and Rosabeth Moss Kanter | Feb 1, 1988 Hardcover The William M. Bulger speeches : given at Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 2004-2005 Michael Dukakis's Mental Health – 1988 Rantings of Lyndon LaRouche followers about Massachusetts Gov. [11] Dukakis began his political career as an elected Town Meeting Member in the town of Brookline. In Massachusetts in the mid-1970s, under Michael Dukakis, hospital closures accelerated partly out of the need to slash budget expenditures. [50] Dukakis is a member of the ReFormers Caucus of Issue One. [57], Dukakis endorsed Elizabeth Warren's candidacy in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries. Michael Dukakis, about their campaign to destigmatize electroshock therapy. The Dukakis campaign produced a 60-second response ad that featured a television set playing Bush's ad, which is flicked off the screen by a finger later revealed to be Dukakis. [29] Editors at The Washington Times contributed to these rumors when they ran a story headlined "Dukakis Kin Hints at Sessions," suggesting that a member of the Dukakis family had said "it is possible" that Dukakis saw a psychiatrist. Gov. "[30], Dukakis's general election campaign was subject to several criticisms and gaffes on issues such as capital punishment, the pledge of allegiance in schools, and a photograph of Dukakis in a tank which was intended to portray him as a sound choice for commander-in-chief but which was widely perceived to have backfired. As a result, the MDC would withhold its critical backing of Dukakis in the 1978 gubernatorial primary. ", "Dukakis's Ties to Orthodox Church Stay Warm Despite Abortion Stance", "The 8 Biggest Unforced Errors in Debate History", "Dukakis Releases Medical Details To Stop Rumors on Mental Health", https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6_krr3Zs0D8, "Reporter Quits in Dispute Over Dukakis Story", "Historical U.S. Presidential Elections 1789–2016", "Presidential General Election Results Comparison—South Dakota", "Presidential General Election Results Comparison—Kansas", "Presidential General Election Results Comparison—Oklahoma", "Presidential General Election Results Comparison—Wyoming", "Presidential General Election Results Comparison—Idaho", "1988 Presidential General Election Data – National", "Paul Kirk to fill Kennedy's Senate seat", "Michael Dukakis decries terminal honor? Democratic nomination in the Town of Brookline from 1983 to 1991 the [! 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