[516] Other known festivals are Makaravilakku,[517] Chinakkathoor Pooram, Attukal Pongala and Nenmara Vallangi Vela[518] Other than these, festivals locally known as utsavams are conducted by many temples mostly on annual basis. Over 16.7 million tourists visited Kerala in 2018 as against 15.76 million the previous year, recording an increase of 5.93 per cent. Kerala is home to the largest domesticated population of elephants in India—about 700 Indian elephants, owned by temples as well as individuals. [19][20] The state topped in the country to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals according to the annual report of NITI Aayog published in 2019. [429], Hinduism is the most widely professed faith in Kerala, with significant Muslim and Christian minorities. [356] Trivandrum International Airport, managed by the Airport Authority of India, is among the oldest existing airports in South India. [373] Kerala is one of the first states in India to form a welfare policy for the transgender community. [265] Other key crops include coconut; 899,198 ha, tea, coffee; 23% of Indian production,[266]:13 or 57,000 tonnes,[266]:6–7 rubber, cashews, and spices—including pepper, cardamom, vanilla, cinnamon, and nutmeg. [308] Related animal husbandry is touted by proponents as a means of alleviating rural poverty and unemployment among women, the marginalised, and the landless. [82]:62 In 1991, Kerala became the first state in India to be recognised as completely literate, although the effective literacy rate at that time was only 90%. The survey also revealed that the rural-urban difference in household expenditure on education was much less in Kerala than in the rest of India.[494]. [537] The development of the indigenous classical music form, Sopana Sangeetham, illustrates the rich contribution that temple culture has made to the arts of Kerala. [87] Along with the Ay kingdom in the south and the Ezhimala kingdom in the north, the Cheras formed the ruling kingdoms of Kerala in the early years of the Common Era (CE). [624] In 1986 the government of Kerala declared tourism an important industry and it was the first state in India to do so. [93][94] The port of Tyndis which was on the northern side of Muziris, as mentioned in Greco-Roman writings, was somewhere near Kozhikode. [408] The state was also among the lowest in the India State Hunger Index next only to Punjab. [161], By the end of 18th century, the whole of Kerala fell under the control of the British, either administered directly or under suzerainty. [343] Kerala's major railway stations are: The first railway line in the state was laid from Tirur to Chaliyam, with the oldest Railway Station at Tirur, passing through Tanur, Parappanangadi, Vallikkunnu, and Kadalundi. [215]:12 Three of the world's Ramsar Convention listed wetlands—Lake Sasthamkotta, Ashtamudi Lake and the Vembanad-Kol wetlands—are in Kerala, as well as 1455.4 km2 of the vast Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. The Cheraman Perumal was assured by the Eradis (chief of Eranad) that they would take a fort established by the Rayar. 2008. Irfan.[612]. Malayalam films carved a niche for themselves in the Indian film industry with the presentation of social themes. [495][496] It was developed to support ICT enabled education for schools in the state. [112], Namboothiri Brahmins migrated to Northern Kerala from South Canara region during the early Middle Ages. During his reign, the Portuguese managed to dominate relations with Kochi and established a few fortresses on the Malabar Coast. In November 2015, the Ministry of Urban Development selected seven cities of Kerala for a comprehensive development program known as the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT). [222][215]:163–165, The state's 14 districts are distributed among six regions: North Malabar (far-north Kerala), South Malabar (north-central Kerala), Kochi (central Kerala), Northern Travancore, Central Travancore (southern Kerala) and Southern Travancore (far-south Kerala). [119][120], The inhibitions, caused by a series of Chera-Chola wars in the 11th century, resulted in the decline of foreign trade in Kerala ports. Rajasthan Panchayat Samiti Zila Parishad Chunav Result 2020. [490], The educational system prevailing in the state's schools specifies an initial 10-year course of study, which is divided into three stages: lower primary, upper primary, and secondary school—known as 4+3+3, which signifies the number of years for each stage. 8 June 2008, Padmalal D, Maya K, Sreebha S & Sreeja R, 2007, Environmental effects of river sand mining: a case from the river catchments of. These facilities are used mostly by central government VIPs visiting Kerala. [505] It is defined by its antiquity and the organic continuity sustained by the Malayali people. The wood of the tree was very precious, and was brought from Ophir (probably some part of India), along with gold and precious stones, by Hiram, and was used in the formation of pillars for the temple at Jerusalem, and for the king's house; also for the inlaying of stairs, as well as for harps and psalteries. Katz 200/* Religion */ 0; Koder 1973; Menachery 1998. The wood is hard, heavy, close-grained, and of fine red colour. [381], As of 2015[update], Kerala has a Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.770, which is in the "high" category, ranking it first in the country. This comes as an important victory for the incumbent Bengal chief minister, who had switched from her Bhabanipur constituency to answer the challenge from the TMC turncoat Adhikari in his seat. [309][310] The state government promotes these activities via educational campaigns and the development of new cattle breeds such as the Sunandini. info)) is a state on the southwestern Malabar Coast of India. (London, England: 1996) 128 no4440 30 January 14, 1999. [533] Some traditional dance forms such as Oppana and Duffmuttu were popular among the Muslims of the state,[534] while Margamkali and Parichamuttukali are popular among the Syrian Christians and Chavittu nadakom is popular among the Latin Christians. [370][371][372], Kerala has been at the forefront of LGBT issues in India. They united to form the state of Thiru-Kochi in 1949. Many of the rivers are small and entirely fed by monsoon rain. Mahé, a part of the Indian union territory of Puducherry,[226] though 647 kilometres (402 mi) away from it,[227] is a coastal exclave surrounded by Kerala on all of its landward approaches. [14] Many of the members of the royal family of Cochin in 16th and 17th members were selected from Vettom. [228], There are six Municipal corporations in Kerala that govern Thiruvananthapuram, Kozhikode, Kochi, Kollam, Thrissur, and Kannur. Kerala's culture and traditions, coupled with its varied demographics, have made the state one of the most popular tourist destinations in India. [355] Kannur had an airstrip used for commercial aviation as early as 1935 when Tata airlines operated weekly flights between Mumbai and Thiruvananthapuram – stopping at Goa and Kannur. [163] British in Malabar also converted Thiyyar army, called as Thiyya pattalam into a special regiment centered at Thalassery called as The Thiyyar Regiment in 1904. [476][477] Owing to the former matrilineal system, women in Kerala enjoy a high social status. [i] The famous 'gold of Ophir' is referenced in several other books of the Hebrew Bible. [261] [196] Around eight percent of India's waterways are found in Kerala. Adi Shankara was a religious philosopher who contributed to Hinduism and propagated the philosophy of Advaita. [406] Kerala has the lowest proportion of homeless people in rural India – 0.04%,[407] and the state is attempting to reach the goal of becoming the first "Zero Homeless State", in addition to its acclaimed "Zero landless project", with private organisations and the expatriate Malayali community funding projects for building homes for the homeless. [508] In Malayalam literature, elephants are referred to as the "sons of the sahya". [37][14] Athavanad, the headquarters of Azhvanchery Thamprakkal, who were also considered as the supreme religious chief of the Nambudiri Brahmins of Kerala, is also located near Tirunavaya. [168] The Battle of Pookkottur adorns an important role in the rebellion. [260] The total remittances received by the emigrants stood at ₹851 billion (US$12 billion) in the year 2018. [537] Most of the castes and communities in Kerala have rich collections of folk songs and ballads associated with a variety of themes; Vadakkan Pattukal (Northern Ballads), Thekkan pattukal (Southern Ballads), Vanchi pattukal (Boat Songs), Mappila Pattukal (Muslim songs) and Pallipattukal (Church songs) are a few of them.[540]. [611] The Indian Hockey team captain P. R. Shreejesh, ace goalkeeper hails from Kerala. It is different from the white fragrant sandal-wood, which is the produce of Santalum album, a tree belonging to a distinct natural order. Congress-led UDF was ahead in 377 Gram Panchayats, 46 Block Panchayats, 4 District Panchayats, 45 Municipalities and 3 Corporations. [630] The revenue from tourism increased five-fold between 2001 and 2011 and crossed the ₹ 190 billion mark in 2011. [365] In the state, the rate of population growth is India's lowest, and the decadal growth of 4.9% in 2011 is less than one third of the all-India average of 17.64%. [613] Greenfield International Stadium at located at Kariavattom in Thiruvananthapuram city, is India's first DBOT (design, build, operate and transfer) model outdoor stadium and it has hosted international cricket matches and international football matches including 2015 SAFF Championship. Coronavirus [199] The state experiences several natural hazards like landslides, floods and droughts. Targeted Oncology™ Partners Up With Tennessee Oncology. [331][332] Traffic in Kerala has been growing at a rate of 10–11% every year, resulting in high traffic and pressure on the roads. The result of the AP Panchayat Election will be announced same day of Elections. [387], According to the 2011 census, Kerala has the highest literacy rate (94%) among Indian states. [257] In 2015, NRI deposits in Kerala have soared to over ₹1 trillion (US$14 billion), amounting to one-sixth of all the money deposited in NRI accounts, which comes to about ₹7 trillion (US$98 billion). [614][617] In 2012, it overtook the Taj Mahal to be the number one travel destination in Google's search trends for India. [421][422][423] It is also one of the largest Ayurvedic medicinal brands in the world. [267] Kerala supplies 60% of the total global produce of white coir fibre. [461][462][463] As a consequence of centuries of mixing with colonial immigrants, beginning with the Portuguese, Dutch, French, British and other Europeans, there is a community of Anglo-Indians in Kerala of mixed European and Indian parentage or ancestry. [467] The Paradesi Synagogue at Kochi is the oldest synagogue in the Commonwealth. [489] According to the 2011 census, Kerala has a 93.91% literacy, compared to the national literacy rate of 74.04%. Elections to local bodies in Kerala were held in December 2020. As of March 2002, Kerala's banking sector comprised 3341 local branches: each branch served 10,000 people, lower than the national average of 16,000; the state has the third-highest bank penetration among Indian states. [14] It's exact location is a matter of dispute. Since the 73rd and 74th amendments to the Constitution of India, the local government institutions function as the third tier of government, which constitutes 14 District Panchayats, 152 Block Panchayats, 941 Grama Panchayats, 87 Municipalities, six Municipal Corporations and one Township. History congress allocation to Delhi in the state witnessed significant emigration during the Onam festival, Mahabali returns Kerala... Fifty years, the Portuguese took advantage of the Indian Super League of Thrissur Pooram hill... 153 ] the suggested locations are Ponnani, Tanur, Beypore-Chaliyam-Kadalundi-Vallikkunnu, and resource extraction 400 ] Kerala also... Visible in Kerala, storage, communications, tourism, banking, and! 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