Wikisource has original works on the topic: This page was last edited on 2 May 2021, at 11:33. The President of the Czech Republic places flowers or wreath on the grave of the former President Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk who struggled for establishing an independent nation. V tomhle jsme nejlepší, i když se o tom skoro neví", "Příběh firmy Česká zbrojovka: kde se rodí pistole", Roads and Motorways in the Czech Republic, "Délky a další data komunikací – dálnice", "Rail network density in selected countries 2015", "Transport infrastructure at regional level – Statistics explained", "Minister Kocourek launches the Gazela gas pipeline linking the Czech Republic to Nord Stream", "Wi-Fi: Poskytovatelé bezdrátového připojení", "Antivirus giant Avast is acquiring rival AVG for $1.3b", "Avast not done with deal-making after AVG buy, but no rush", "Avast Buys Piriform, the Company Behind CCleaner and Recuva", "Promotion Strategy of the Czech Republic in 2004–2010", "Prague sees significant dip in tourist numbers", "Prague mayor goes undercover to expose the great taxi rip-off", "Czech Republic – Country Specific Information", "Třetím nejoblíbenějším cílem turistů jsou industriální památky v Ostravě", "Properties inscribed on the World Heritage List and Sites on the Tentative List", "Czech Republic Travel Guide - Tourist Information and Guide to Czech Republic", "Aquapalace Praha bude největším aquaparkem ve střední Evropě", Press: Number of foreigners in ČR up ten times since 1989, "Is the Czech Republic's Vietnamese community finally starting to feel at home? Independence Day in 2021 is on the Thursday, 28th of Oct (10/28/2021). [30] Severe thunderstorms, producing damaging straight-line winds, hail, and occasional tornadoes occur, especially during the summer period.[31][32]. Tourism around the Southern Moravian region has been producing wine since the Middle Ages; about 94% of vineyards in the Czech Republic are Moravian. The roots of Czech theatre can be found in the Middle Ages, especially in the cultural life of gothic period. [112] Other Czech transportation companies include: Škoda Transportation (tramways, trolleybuses, metro), Tatra (heavy trucks, the second oldest car maker in the world), Avia (medium trucks), Karosa and SOR Libchavy (buses), Aero Vodochody (military aircraft), Let Kunovice (civil aircraft), Zetor (tractors), Jawa Moto (motorcycles) and Čezeta (electric scooters). Franz Kafka, who—while bilingual in Czech and German[170][171]—wrote his works (The Trial, The Castle) in German. [150], The Jewish population of Bohemia and Moravia, 118,000 according to the 1930 census, was nearly annihilated by the Nazi Germans during the Holocaust. The largest Czech power resource is Temelín Nuclear Power Station, with another nuclear power plant in Dukovany. Two computer security companies, Avast and AVG, were founded in the Czech Republic. A … At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the new art style appeared in the Czech lands – Art Nouveau. The President of the Czech Republic is Commander-in-chief of the armed forces. Government-owned Český Telecom slowed down broadband penetration. The president of Czechia is Miloš Zeman. History of Independent Czechoslovak State Day: What Really Happened? Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}49°45′N 15°30′E / 49.750°N 15.500°E / 49.750; 15.500, – in Europe (green & dark grey)– in the European Union (green) – [Legend]. [108] The industrial sector accounts for 37.5% of the economy, while services account for 60% and agriculture for 2.5%. Celebrating 100 Years of Czech Independence October 28, 2018, marked the centennial of the birth of Czechoslovakia as a sovereign country. The country is also known for its various museums. In the seventh century, the Samo Empire bound together the Czechs and Slovaks for around 30 years. In November 1989, the Velvet Revolution ended communist rule in the country, and on 1 January 1993 Czechoslovakia dissolved with its constituent states becoming the independent states of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. In the 14th century, Emperor Charles IV invited architects from France and Germany, Matthias of Arras and Peter Parler, to his court in Prague. The Czech Republic lies mostly between latitudes 48° and 51° N and longitudes 12° and 19° E. Bohemia, to the west, consists of a basin drained by the Elbe (Czech: Labe) and the Vltava rivers, surrounded by mostly low mountains, such as the Krkonoše range of the Sudetes. A national revival occurred, and a push was on to make (or, rather, recreate) the Bohemian Kingdom. Fish is less common, with the occasional exception of fresh trout and carp, which is served at Christmas. [97], As of 2018[update], the country's GDP per capita at purchasing power parity is $37,370[98] and $22,850 at nominal value. [17][18] Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526, the whole Crown of Bohemia was gradually integrated into the Habsburg Monarchy. Sporadic rainfall is throughout the year (in Prague, the average number of days per month experiencing at least 0.1 mm (0.0039 in) of rain varies from 12 in September and October to 16 in November) but concentrated rainfall (days with more than 10 mm (0.39 in) per day) are more frequent in the months of May to August (average around two such days per month). Václav Havel Airport in Prague is the main international airport in the country. [186] A news webpage in the Czech Republic is ct24.cz, which is owned by Czech Television – the only national public television service – and its 24-hour news channel ČT24. The temperature difference between summer and winter is due to the landlocked geographical position.[28]. [180] The early Czech sound film era was productive, above all in mainstream genres, with the comedies of Martin Frič or Karel Lamač. [90] The main equipment of the Czech military includes JAS 39 Gripen multi-role fighters, Aero L-159 Alca combat aircraft, Mi-35 attack helicopters, armored vehicles (Pandur II, OT-64, OT-90, BVP-2) and tanks (T-72 and T-72M4CZ). There is a network of around 40,000 km of marked short- and long-distance trails crossing the whole country and all the Czech mountains. The fantasy, in the end, turned into a reality and the first Czechoslovak president, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, was later at the head of political representation that negotiated the making of another state at the worldwide level, inside the borders of three historical lands that had been connected since the Middle Ages under the Czech crown, to which Slovakia and Ruthenia were included. It suffered a schism with the neo-Hussite Czechoslovak Hussite Church in 1920, lost the bulk of its adherents during the Communist era and continues to lose in the modern, ongoing secularization. Following the joint Utraquist—Catholic victory, Utraquism was accepted as a distinct form of Christianity to be practiced in Bohemia by the Catholic Church while all remaining Hussite groups were prohibited. All schools, colleges, offices, public and private institutes, and businesses remain closed. Fire Brigade 150. In 2016, Avast led by Pavel Baudiš bought rival AVG for US$1.3 billion, together at the time, these companies had a user base of about 400 million people and 40% of the consumer market outside of China. [182], The Barrandov Studios in Prague are the largest film studios with film locations in the country. Czech music can be considered to have been "beneficial" in both the European and worldwide context, several times co-determined or even determined a newly arriving era in musical art,[178] above all of Classical era, as well as by original attitudes in Baroque, Romantic and modern classical music. This process was largely successful; in 2006 the Czech Republic was recognized by the World Bank as a "developed country",[69] and in 2009 the Human Development Index ranked it as a nation of "Very High Human Development". In the 1960s, the hallmark of Czechoslovak New Wave's films were improvised dialogues, black and absurd humor and the occupation of non-actors. The Government's exercise of executive power derives from the Constitution. A common sport is hiking. The Czech Republic declared its independence from the empire as Czechoslovakia on October 28, 1918 and joined the winning Allied powers. [79] The Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court are both based in Brno, as is the Supreme Public Prosecutor's Office.[79]. Nuclear power presently provides about 30 percent of the total power needs, its share is projected to increase to 40 percent. The pacifist thinker Petr Chelčický inspired the movement of the Bohemian Brethren (by the middle of the 15th century) that completely separated from the Roman Catholic Church.[49]. The Defenestration of Prague and subsequent revolt against the Habsburgs in 1618 marked the start of the Thirty Years' War. Both countries went through economic reforms and privatisations, with the intention of creating a market economy. One of the tourist attractions in the Czech Republic[135] is the Nether district Vítkovice in Ostrava. If you disable this cookie, we will not be able to save your preferences. [167] Emphasis was placed on comfort, and buildings that were built for entertainment purposes also appeared. [99] According to Allianz A.G., in 2018 the country was an MWC (mean wealth country), ranking 26th in net financial assets. Independence, of course, did not assure lasting freedom for Czechs and Slovaks. Škoda Transportation is the fourth largest tramway producer in the world; nearly one third of all trams in the world come from Czech factories. Guidebooks and tourists reporting overcharging by taxi drivers and pickpocketing problems are mainly in Prague, though the situation has improved recently. [156] The Czech people have been historically characterized as "tolerant and even indifferent towards religion".[157]. [81] The embassies of most countries with diplomatic relations with the Czech Republic are located in Prague, while consulates are located across the country. Brutalism dominated in the 1970s and 1980s. Czech were under harsh rule of the Fascists and Communists. The Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland were the first former members of the Warsaws Pact to join NATO. Water from the Czech Republic flows to three different seas: the North Sea, Baltic Sea, and Black Sea. The Czechoslovak Declaration of Independence or the Washington Declaration (Czech: Washingtonská deklarace; Slovak: Washingtonská deklarácia) was drafted in Washington, D.C. and published by Czechoslovakia's Paris-based Provisional Government on 18 October 1918. The end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 led to degradation of the political status of Bohemia which lost its position of an electorate of the Holy Roman Empire as well as its own political representation in the Imperial Diet. There were dramatic movies sought internationally. Masaryk, in Western Europe, worked hard to gain support for the formation of an independent state; in the meantime, soldiers formed the renowned Czechoslovak Legion, battling across Russia. €1 is about 25 CZK. Czech desserts include a variety of whipped cream, chocolate, and fruit pastries and tarts, crêpes, creme desserts and cheese, poppy-seed-filled and other types of traditional cakes such as buchty, koláče and štrúdl. In the Baroque era, there were Wenceslaus Hollar, Jan Kupecký, Karel Škréta, Anton Raphael Mengs or Petr Brandl, sculptors Matthias Braun and Ferdinand Brokoff. [187] Other public services include the Czech Radio and the Czech News Agency (ČTK). Slovakia was significantly less industrialized, and though it, too, experienced a national revival, this was on a considerably small scale than that in Bohemia. [151] There were approximately 4,000 Jews in the Czech Republic in 2005. During World War, I, which continued from 1914 to 1918, the desire to be an autonomous state was gaining in strength all through the empire. law 500/2004, 337/1992. After 1526 Bohemia came increasingly under Habsburg control as the Habsburgs became first the elected and then in 1627 the hereditary rulers of Bohemia. [164], Healthcare in the Czech Republic is similar in quality to other developed nations. According to the 2011 census, 34% of the population stated they had no religion, 10.3% was Catholic, 0.8% was Protestant (0.5% Czech Brethren and 0.4% Hussite),[158] and 9% followed other forms of religion both denominational or not (of which 863 people answered they are Pagan). After the Bohemian Reformation, most Czechs became followers of Jan Hus, Petr Chelčický and other regional Protestant Reformers. During the 19th century stands the revival architectural styles. [192][193], "Czechia" redirects here. This special day marks the creation of Czechoslovakia republic in 1918 when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In November 1989, Czechoslovakia returned to a liberal democracy through the Velvet Revolution. The Supreme Administrative Court decides on issues of procedural and administrative propriety. The protectorate was proclaimed part of the Third Reich, and the president and prime minister were subordinated to Nazi Germany's Reichsprotektor. The idea of a nation and narratives of independence Evolution in the meanings of nationalism, statehood, national identity, freedom and autonomy 100 hundred years after the conclusion of the Great War (Czechia, Poland and Ireland) Univerzita Hradec Králové, Czech Republic, October 25th-27th 2018 Nationalism today seems to be more pronounced than in the last 50… [131][132] Since 2005, Prague's mayor, Pavel Bém, has worked to improve this reputation by cracking down on petty crime[132] and, aside from these problems, Prague is a "safe" city. [91], The Czech Republic has a developed,[93] high-income[94] export-oriented social market economy based in services, manufacturing and innovation, that maintains a welfare state and the European social model. Important telephone numbers. In 2006 seven Italian tilting trainsets Pendolino ČD Class 680 entered service. [29], Most rain falls during the summer. [44], In 1212, Přemysl Ottokar I extracted the Golden Bull of Sicily from the emperor, confirming Ottokar and his descendants' royal status; the Duchy of Bohemia was raised to a Kingdom. Further south the town of České Budějovice, lent its name to its beer, known as Budweiser Budvar. Plans based on either GPRS, EDGE, UMTS or CDMA2000 are being offered by all three mobile phone operators (T-Mobile, O2, Vodafone) and internet provider U:fon. The Czech Republic ranks as the 27th most environmentally conscious country in the world in Environmental Performance Index. The Czech Social Democratic and progressive politicians started the fight for universal suffrage. With the establishing of Charles University in the 14th century, Slovaks came to Prague to study. The So-Called Tartars of Russia and Central Asia. This special day marks the creation of Czechoslovakia republic in 1918 when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Although Czechs and Slovaks refer to themselves … Czech Republic Public Holidays [130] World War I started in 1914, after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Download 180+ Royalty Free Czech Republic Independence Day Vector Images. New Year's Day: National holiday: 2017: Sun: Jan 1: New Year's Day: National holiday: 2018: Mon: Jan 1: New Year's Day: National holiday: 2019: Tue: Jan 1: New Year's Day: National holiday: 2020: Wed: Jan 1: New Year's Day: National holiday: 2021: Fri: Jan 1: New Year's Day: National holiday: 2022: Sat: Jan 1: New Year's Day: National holiday: 2023: Sun: Jan 1: New Year's Day: National holiday: 2024: Mon: Jan 1: New Year… By the end of November, temperatures usually range around the freezing point. As the 'nationality' was an optional item, a number of people left this field blank (26.0%). The independence of Czechoslovakia was proclaimed on October 28, 1918, by the Czechoslovak National Council in Prague.Only several years before, an independent Czechoslovakia had been a dream of a small number of intellectuals. 3 Národnost československých státních příslušníků podle žup a zemí k 15 February 1921", "Ekonomika ČSSR v letech padesátých a šedesátých", Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin, "World Bank Marks Czech Republic's Graduation to 'Developed' Status", "EU, NATO, Schengen and Eurozone member states in Europe", https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-41708844, https://www.dw.com/en/czech-billionaire-andrej-babis-named-new-prime-minister/a-41680019, "The Constitution of the Czech Republic – Article 16", "Klaus signs Czech direct presidential election implementing law", "The Czech Republic's Membership in International Organizations", "The Henley & Partners Visa Restrictions Index 2018. Soldiers march on October 28, 2018, during a military parade marking the 100th anniversary of the creation of Czechoslovakia. [36] The Boii founded an oppidum near the site of modern Prague. [25], After Czechoslovakia dissolved in 1992, the Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs recommended the English name Czechia in 1993, and the Czech government approved Czechia as the official short name in 2016.[26]. In the wake of the Reformation, Utraquist Hussites took a renewed increasingly anti-Catholic stance, while some of the defeated Hussite factions were revived. [159] The Muslim population is estimated to be 20,000 representing 0.2% of the population.[160]. Awards are also presented to people in the Czech Republic who have contributed to society. [64], The Czech territory was occupied by Germany, which transformed it into the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. [103] Czech Republic ranks 24th in both the Index of Economic Freedom[104] and the Global Innovation Index as of 2016[update],[105] 29th in the Global Competitiveness Report,[106] 30th in the ease of doing business index and 25th in the Global Enabling Trade Report. Despite the fact that Czechoslovakia no longers exists today, Czechs hold great respect for October 28 as the day of their national establishing. Since 2013 the presidential election is direct. Stanislav Gross is appointed premier. However later in 1945, the 1920’s flag was restored and since then, it has been in continuous use. During the following century, the Czech Hussite Wars brought troops to Slovakia. [65] There was Czechoslovak resistance to Nazi occupation as well as reprisals against the Czechoslovaks for their anti-Nazi resistance. Autumn generally begins in September, which is still warm and dry. Stanislav Gross is appointed premier. During October, temperatures usually fall below 15 °C (59 °F) or 10 °C (50 °F) and deciduous trees begin to shed their leaves. [23], The country has been traditionally divided into three lands, namely Bohemia (Čechy) in the west, Moravia (Morava) in the east, and Czech Silesia (Slezsko; the smaller, south-eastern part of historical Silesia, most of which is located within modern Poland) in the northeast. Cookie information is stored in your browser and performs functions such as recognising you when you return to our website and helping our team to understand which sections of the website you find most interesting and useful. October 28 is Czechoslovak Independence Day, marking 102 years since Czechoslovakia split from the crumbling Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918. A history of resistance to the Catholic Church followed. As the Czechs were members of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, they were forced to fight the Serbs and the Russians, two Slavic groups. The nation’s president is the head of state and the chief commander of the armed forces. The most watched main news program is TV Nova. [165] According to the 2016 Euro health consumer index, a comparison of healthcare in Europe, the Czech healthcare is 13th, ranked behind Sweden and two positions ahead of the United Kingdom.[166]. In total, the Czech Republic has 46 airports with paved runways, six of which provide international air services in Brno, Karlovy Vary, Mošnov (near Ostrava), Pardubice, Prague and Kunovice (near Uherské Hradiště). Although Czechoslovakia no longer exists today, Czechs still view October 28 as the day of their national founding and celebrate the creation of independent Czechoslovakia. After gaining independence, the Czech Republic moved rapidly to liberalize its centralized economy and to decentralize its public bureaucracy. Inception of Czechoslovakia, October 28, 1918 This Sunday, October 28, 2018, marks the 100th anniversary of Czech statehood; below, a timeline of events leading up to and following Czechoslovak independence: Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk stood by the cradle The Czech Republic has a temperate climate, situated in the transition zone between the oceanic and continental climate types, with warm summers and cold, cloudy and snowy winters. Aside from slivovitz, Czech beer and wine, the Czechs also produce two liquors, Fernet Stock and Becherovka. Defence spending is approximately 1.19% of the GDP (2019). Preclík, Vratislav. The word for "tourist" in the Czech language, turista, also means "trekker" or "hiker". [128], Prague is the fifth most visited city in Europe after London, Paris, Istanbul and Rome. In general, at higher altitudes, the temperatures decrease and precipitation increases. Karlovy Vary International Film Festival is one of the film festivals that have been given competitive status by the FIAPF. During the Middle Ages, some fortified castles were built by the king and aristocracy, as well as some monasteries. Be careful not to call Czechs “Czechoslovakians”. [59] In 1929 compared to 1913, the gross domestic product increased by 52% and industrial production by 41%. The whole nation pays tribute to the late President Masaryk and remembers the role he played in establishing the nation. Czech cuisine is marked by an emphasis on meat dishes with pork, beef, and chicken. Kofola is a non-alcoholic domestic cola soft drink which competes with Coca-Cola and Pepsi. [79] The Penal Code is effective from 2010. In 2004 the army transformed itself into a fully professional organization and compulsory military service was abolished. On one hand there were celebrations of independence, and on the other hand, the Austria-Hungarian Empire was taking its last breathes with two more weeks still remaining for World War I to end. The Czech Republic is reducing its dependence on highly polluting low-grade brown coal as a source of energy. As the flag was almost identical to the flag of Poland, so a blue triangle was added at the hoist in 1920. It was described by The Guardian as "one of Europe's most flourishing economies". There is also a variety of local sausages, wurst, pâtés, and smoked and cured meats. 2004 1 May - Czech Republic is one of 10 new nations to join the EU.. 2004 June-August - Vladimir Spidla resigns as prime minister. The older seventy-six districts (okresy, singular okres) including three "statutory cities" (without Prague, which had special status) lost most of their importance in 1999 in an administrative reform; they remain as territorial divisions and seats of various branches of state administration. At the end of the century came a wave of Art Nouveau. The current English name comes from the Polish ethnonym associated with the area, which ultimately comes from the Czech word Čech. The first flag was based on the flag of Bohemia and was white over red. Passion for this endeavor was low. Three post-communist countries officially entered the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. [50], In the "Dark Age" of 1620 to the late 18th century, the population of the Czech lands declined by a third through the expulsion of Czech Protestants as well as due to the war, disease and famine. The Renaissance style penetrated the Bohemian Crown in the late 15th century when the older Gothic style started to be mixed with Renaissance elements. January 1st - New Year´s Day; National Holiday - Formation of the Czech Republic. [45] German immigrants settled in the Bohemian periphery in the 13th century. As of 2012[update], the Slav Epic can be seen in the Veletržní Palace of the National Gallery in Prague, which manages the largest collection of art in the Czech Republic. [61], The First Czechoslovak Republic comprised only 27% of the population of the former Austria-Hungary, but nearly 80% of the industry, which enabled it to compete with Western industrial states. The best selection of Royalty Free Czech Republic Independence Day Vector Art, Graphics and Stock Illustrations. For privately owned television services, there is TV Nova, the most popular channel in the Czech Republic. [6] From 1991 to 2001 and further to 2011 the adherence to Catholicism decreased from 39% to 27% and then to 10%; Protestantism similarly declined from 3.7% to 2% and then to 0.8%. Puppetry and marionette exhibitions are with a number of puppet festivals throughout the country. The Czech Republic joined NATO on 12 March 1999 and the European Union on 1 May 2004. The members of the government are the Prime Minister, Deputy prime ministers and other ministers. Since 2000, the Czech Republic has been divided into thirteen regions (Czech: kraje, singular kraj) and the capital city of Prague. It ranks as the 11th safest and most peaceful country and 31st in democratic governance. It seemed that some concessions would be made also to Bohemia, but in the end, the Emperor Franz Joseph I affected a compromise with Hungary only. It has a per capita GDP rate that is 91% of the EU average and is a member of the OE… The Czech universal health care system is based on a compulsory insurance model, with fee-for-service care funded by mandatory employment-related insurance plans. Czechoslovakia, or Czecho-Slovakia (/ ˌ tʃ ɛ k oʊ s l oʊ ˈ v æ k i ə,-k ə-,-s l ə-,-ˈ v ɑː-/; Czech and Slovak: Československo, Česko-Slovensko), was a sovereign state in Central Europe, created in October 1918, when it declared its independence from Austria-Hungary. The industry employs more than 110,000 people – over 1% of the population. The Constitutional Court consists of 15 constitutional judges and oversees violations of the Constitution by either the legislature or by the government. The German occupation ended on 9 May 1945, with the arrival of the Soviet and American armies and the Prague uprising.[66]. Independence Day in Czech Republic falls on 28 October and is a public holiday across the nation to celebrate the day in 1918 that independence was declared from the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Some Czech musical works are The Bartered Bride, New World Symphony, Sinfonietta and Jenůfa. Analysts believe that the invasion caused the communist movement to fracture, ultimately leading to the Revolutions of 1989. The oldest is Krkonoše National Park (Biosphere Reserve), and the others are Šumava National Park (Biosphere Reserve), Podyjí National Park, Bohemian Switzerland. Most of the foreign population lives in Prague (37.3%) and Central Bohemia Region (13.2%). The country telephone code for the Czech Republic is 420. The President of Czechoslovakia (Czech: Prezident Československa, Slovak: Prezident Česko-Slovenska) was the head of state of Czechoslovakia, from the creation of the First Czechoslovak Republic in 1918 until the dissolution of the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic on 1 January 1993. Away from the towns, areas such as Český ráj, Šumava and the Krkonoše mountains attract visitors seeking outdoor pursuits. [60] This new country incorporated the Bohemian Crown. The Czech Republic participates in the European Single Market as a member of the European Union and is therefore a part of the economy of the European Union, but uses its own currency, the Czech koruna, instead of the euro. 45% of the population did not answer the question about religion. The flag was banned by the Nazis in 1939. Strictly Necessary Cookie should be enabled at all times so that we can save your preferences for cookie settings. 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